| Hemorrhage
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Etiology
•Due to any one or combination of 3 factors:
disturbances in coagulation factors, platelet numbers
and/or function, or integrity of vessel wall.
•Coagulation disorders: hepatic failure, sepsis, shock,
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hereditary deficiencies.
•Platelet deficiencies: thrombocytopenia due to
neoplastic marrow replacement, autoimmune mechanisms,
aplastic anemia, infections, DIC, drugs.
•Vessel wall injuries: sepsis, shock, drug reactions
with autoimmune vasculitis, DIC, vitamin C deficiency.
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Pathogenesis
•Any one or combination of the underlying factors,
platelet function, coagulation factors, and vessel
wall integrity may result in passage of whole blood
through vessel wall.,
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Epidemiology
• Varies with underlying cause.
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General Gross Description
•Subendocardial petechia and ecchymoses are randomly
distributed.
•Examples:
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General Microscopic Description
•Bland sheets of red blood cells are seen in the
interstices.
•Inflammatory cells and fibrinoid
necrosis of small blood vessels may be seen in
cases due immune vasculitis.
•Examples:
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Clinical Correlation
•Varies with underlying cause.
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References
• Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. 5th edition. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1994, pp. 616-627.
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| Hemorrhage
| | Synopsis by: J. Hasson, MD (T32000M37000)[314]
| |