|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Monchorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta | ||
| Etiology • Unknown | ||
| Pathogenesis • Separation of blastomeres • To result in diamniotic monochorionic placentation twinning occurs between 3 and 8 days from fertilization • At this point no amnion has developed so that two sacs will form, | ||
| Epidemiology • Monozygotic twinning is relatively steady in all populations at 3.5/1000. • With assisted fertilization techniques the relative proportion of monozygotic twinning is declining | ||
| General Gross Description • Usually fused placental disks showing chorionic surface with insertion of two umbilical cords • Separation of two halves of placenta by thin delicate dividing membrane which can not be pulled apart • Superficial anastamoses may be evident between two circulations •Examples: | ||
| General Microscopic Description • Examination of the dividing membrane shows amniotic epithelium and mesoderm apposed mesoderm of a second amnion • No intervening chorion seen • Cannot determine which villi perfused which twin • Cannot detect deep anastamoses without special studies • All cases presumed to have vascular anastamoses •Examples: | ||
| References • Benirschke K, Kaufmann P. Pathology of the human placenta, 3rd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995, pp. 719-733. This link will directly take you to the relevant new literature Monchorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta
| Synopsis by: Melinda Sanders M.D. (T88100M29040)[54]
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|