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| Squamous carcinoma | ||
| Etiology •human papilloma virus associated in younger women •older women may have associated squamous hyperplasia •cigarette smoking may play a role | ||
| Pathogenesis •HPV viral infection of squamous cells with integration of viral genome into the host in some cases •other mechanisms unknown, | ||
| Epidemiology •3% of female genital tract cancer •predominantly women over 60 although younger women may have disease in association with condyloma and dysplasia | ||
| General Gross Description •may be small flat "leukoplakic" patches •fungating or ulcerated, hard, gray white lesions •Examples: | ||
| General Microscopic Description •cells arranged in nests and sheets separated by dense stroma •usually keratinizing with pearls and isolated keratinized cells •pleomorphic, hyperchromatic nuclei with prominent nucleoli •Examples: | ||
| Clinical Correlation •pain, itching, exudate •spreads to inguinal, pelvic and then periaortic lymph nodes •death generally from local disease in the pelvis •treatment combines surgery with radiation therapy | ||
| References • Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL: Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease. 5th ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1994, pp. 1042-3 Please be patient during transfer. Medline will open in a new window. To return, close the Medline Window Squamous carcinoma
| Synopsis by: Melinda Sanders M.D. (T80100M80703)[11]
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