| Umbilical Cord Knot
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Etiology
•excessively long umbilical cord (normal=54-61 cm)
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Pathogenesis
•probably fetal movement with a long cord allows knotting,
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Epidemiology
•0.4-0.5% of deliveries
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General Gross Description
•The umbilical cord is tied in a true knot
•Loose knots which do not affect circulation in cord show no color changes
or swellings
•Tight knots which do affect the circulation lead to hemorrhage on the fetal
side of the knot and edema on the placental side
•Examples:
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General Microscopic Description
•Tight knots can have compression of Wharton's jelly and mural thrombosis
in umbilical vessels
•Examples:
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Clinical Correlation
•associated fetal mortality = 10%
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References
•Benirschke,Kurt and Kaufmann,Peter Pathology of the Human Placenta, 2nd
edition, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990, p213-14.
•Salafia and Popek "Placenta" (Chaper 69) in Damjanov and Linder (eds)
Anderson's Pathology 10th edition, St Louis: Mosby
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| Umbilical Cord Knot
| | Synopsis by: Linda Ernst (T88800M29700)[229]
| |